The World Cup games now have VAR but it concerns me, how fouls such as we witnessed against Harry Kane last night where he was repeatedly pulled down to the ground in the penalty area, never seemed to get to be considered by the referee.
Surely, we should have been given two penalty spot kicks for these fouls against Kane?
I wondered just how VAR works and how we should be getting VAR to work for us in such circumstances and how could the players draw blatant fouls like this to the attention of the referee.
What does VAR stand for?
Video Assistant Referee. The system is footballâs first attempt at using video technology to aid in refereeing decisions. The idea is to help the on-field official make the right call â and stop them making a howler that could cost a side the game.
The system was trialled in the FA Cup last season, but this will be the first time the technology has been used at a World Cup.
Former Premier League referee Mark Clattenburg, who officiated at the Euro 2016 final, expects that the VAR at the World Cup will be much better than the early trials in England.
âAfter what happened in the early rounds of the FA Cup, thereâs a lot of negativity in England around VAR,â he says. âBut Fifa have been doing a lot over the past two years, putting training in place to make sure that itâs a success.â
How does VAR work?
Four referees sit in a video operation room in Moscow (in full kit) and follow the action live from the stadium on a series of TV screens. Thirty-three different cameras plus two dedicated offside cameras theoretically give them all the angles they could ever need. The referee can communicate directly with the VAR team via their radio microphone.

The Video Assistant Refereeâs Room in Russia 2018 (Getty) MOSCOW, RUSSIA - JUNE 09: A general view of the Video Assistant Referee's Room home of the VAR system to be used at all FIFA World Cup matches during the Official Opening of the International Broadcast Centre on June 9, 2018 in Moscow, Russia. (Photo by Laurence Griffiths/Getty Images)
When can VAR be used at the World Cup?
VAR can only be used in four âmatch-changing situationsâ: goals, penalty decisions, red cards and cases of mistaken identity.
This is very important to remember says Clattenburg: âThe mistakes using VAR in England were that they were reviewing too many debatable decisions. Thatâs not what the video assistant referees are for. VAR was brought in to stop the scandalous decisions where everybody in football goes, âThatâs not correctâ.â
If the ref makes a clear mistake in any of the four situations above, the VAR team will advise the ref to check the call â you should see the ref point to his earpiece to show that heâs receiving advice.
If the ref draws a square in the air with his hands, that means the video team are reviewing the incident. The on-field ref can also watch the same replays as the VAR team on a pitch-side screen.
The referee will draw a square in the air to signify a TV screen when he wants to refer a decision to VAR.
VAR can only advise on a decision: itâs up to the official on the pitch to make the final call.
Goals This includes any offences made in the play building up to a goal. Crucially this includes offside decisions. Referee Clattenburg explains that while in the past the decision would have been debatable, with some wanting to give the âbenefit of the doubtâ to the attacking player, now with technology there is no wriggle room.
âItâs very similar to ball over the line. If the ball is a millimetre over the line, itâs a goal. If a player is a millimetre offside then heâs offside,â he says. âItâs a matter of fact.â
The VAR team will superimpose a â hopefully straight â line over the footage in order to work out whether a player is offside or not.
Penalty decisions Any foul in the box will be checked to confirm whether it is a penalty. If the decision is debatable, the VAR team can advise the referee to check the replays on his own screen. Again, the refâs decision is final.
Red cards If a referee has made a decision on a foul but it appears that the offence could be more serious, then the VAR team could ask the ref to check the call. Similarly, the video referee could get in touch with the referee if they think a red card is unduly harsh, as can be seen in the video below.
Even more intriguingly, if the ref has missed a violent play incident off the ball that should result in a straight red, then the VAR can pick up on that and let the ref know, even as play is continuing. Clattenburg says theoretically a player could even be given a red card at half time for an incident earlier in the half.
âIf a player commits a violent act and it gets picked up on the TV cameras, then VAR will get to know about it and it will be dealt with,â says Clattenburg.
âIf somebody does something stupid like hitting someone off the ball, then they know that will be dealt with. Thatâs why Gareth Southgate has warned his players to be âsqueaky cleanâ, because he knows that if they do something stupid, VAR will punish them.â
Mistaken identity Remember the time English referee Graham Poll booked the same player three times in one match? VAR could step in to sort out the confusion. Similarly if the ref has penalised the wrong person, VAR will let them know theyâve made a mistake.
What are the criticisms of VAR?
Itâs still a new system, so both players and fans could be confused about how itâs actually being used. Unlike rugby where you can hear the refereeâs communications, in football it can be hard to tell when a decision is being reviewed.
The VAR footage is set to be shown on the big screen in the World Cup, but Clattenburg says that viewers at home being able to hear the video referee is the obvious next step in order to make things clearer.
âThe video referee should be able to speak and help the people understand the decision-making process,â he says. âThere shouldnât be any hiding. It should be transparent.â
Former Premier League referee Mark Clattenburg will be working as a pundit for ITV during the World Cup, explaining how VAR will be used in Russia
Also, different people have different ideas about exactly what is meant by a âclear mistakeâ. If pundits can argue for hours over whether it should have been a penalty or whether a goal was offside, will four refs in a control booth really be able to make things any clearer? Clattenburg says that the system was used too often in the trials in England on debatable decisions, and that in the World Cup he hopes the system is restricted to clear mistakes.
However, with referees under fierce spotlight at the World Cup, there is also the danger they could turn to VAR for every major call, disrupting the flow of the game and meaning even more stoppage time.
Clattenburg says that his one big concern â which canât be fixed by better refereeing â is how the VAR system will affect players and how they celebrate a goal: âThe only concern I have as a football fan is that as a player scores a goal, we donât want him to be worrying about VAR. You need to see them celebrate, you need to see them enjoy the moment. What Iâm scared of is that players will be worried about celebrating because theyâre thinking about VAR.â
Is VAR ready for the World Cup?
âThe technology is ready,â Clattenburg asserts. âItâs how itâs implemented that will be the key. What I will say is Fifa have spent a lot of money educating the referees; there have been courses and seminars in the build-up to the World Cup. In the past there have been maybe two meetings before the World Cup of all the referees. I understand this time there have been six.â
Other pundits that Radio Times has spoken to are not so sure. âI always loved the fact that the naked eye gives you an immediate decision and causes a debate,â says BBC pundit Rio Ferdinand. âBut now weâve got technology causing the debate. What have we gained?â
Frank Lampard agrees: âTo me, VAR doesnât bode well because it doesnât feel ready. Referees all over the world have a slightly different interpretation of it and what it should be used for. I get that itâs intended to rule out huge errors â and, having been on the end of one [his goal against Germany at the 2010 World Cup was wrongly ruled not to have crossed the line], I agree with that. But itâs whether theyâre going to use it to look at every decision. Itâll be terrible if we end up talking about VAR instead of some of the worldâs greatest players.â
Clattenburg disagrees: âIâm confident that Fifa will get it right,â he says. âWhat they canât get is a situation in the World Cup where everyone is talking about the refereeing decisions. I donât mind talking about VAR, about whether it should or should not have been used. But what we canât have is a scandal that knocks a team out of the World Cup.â
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So my conclusion, after reading the above?
1. The players on the "apparently wronged side" (the side whose player has been fouled - but that foul hasn't been spotted by the referee) have to be able to make a verbal appeal to the referee and ask him to consult the VAR for a check.
2. The team captain has to be the man empowered to talk to the referee and he has to be given a formal power to be able to do this (or the captain's deputy if the captain has been injured and made unable to do this).
(It might be an idea to limit the number given of these types of communication to, say three per half of the game, so that it doesn't spoil the run of the play, just like line call appeals are limited in tennis.)
3. This would have been the way in which Harry Kane could have officially appealed to the referee to review with the VAR and find out how he had been pulled down in the penalty area and thereby show the referee how he had missed these fouls.
Here they are: Shown in HD on YouTube
Obviously, since we ended up winning the game, the importance of this is reduced.
But what if we had lost that match? Then this captain power would have been vital.