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Phosphorus - its role and nature
Phosphorus (chemical symbol P) is an element necessary for life. Because phosphorus is highly reactive, it does not naturally occur
as a free element, but is instead bound up in phosphates. Phosphates typically occur in inorganic rocks.
As farmers and gardeners know, phosphorus is one of the three major nutrients required for plant growth: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K).
Fertilizers are labelled for the amount of N-P-K they contain.
Most phosphorus is obtained from mining phosphate rock. Crude phosphate is now used in organic farming, whereas chemically treated forms such
as superphosphate, triple superphosphate, or ammonium phosphates are used in non-organic farming.
The current major use of phosphate is in fertilizers. Growing crops remove it and other nutrients from the soil... Most of the world's farms do not have or
do not receive adequate amounts of phosphate. Feeding the world's increasing population will accelerate the rate of depletion of phosphate reserves.
and...
resources are limited, and phosphate is being dissipated. Future generations ultimately will face problems in obtaining enough to exist.
It is sobering to note that phosphorus is often a limiting nutrient in natural ecosystems. That is, the supply of available phosphorus limits the
size of the population possible in those ecosystems.
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Project Operations Update
Sunkar Resources plc (AIM:SKR) is pleased to present an update on its ongoing dicussions with potential strategic partners on the Chilisai Phosphate Project and Direct Application Rock ("DAR" or "phosphate flour") sales.
Discussions with several potential strategic partners ongoing
DAR sales interest growing as revised fertilizer subsidy scheme implemented
Industrial scale testing now anticipated in Q3 2011
Feasibility Study anticipated in late Q3 2011
Strategic Partner discussions
The Company is in discussions with several potential strategic partners for the Project in parallel with developing the Feasibility Study for the Chilisai project.
Interested parties are undertaking due diligence, with access to the full Preliminary Feasibility Study Report, and technical and geological information. A number of the parties have already completed site visits. Amongst those parties conducting due diligence, are well established fertilizer market operators as well as non-industry specific parties.
DAR sales
The Company launched its first milling train in December 2010 and the milling and loading complex was completed and commissioned within the first quarter of 2011. Operations are anticipated to ramp up in the second half of the year following the implementation of the revised Kazakhstan government fertilizer subsidy programme. As a result of this delay in the domestic subsidy changes, interest in DAR sales came mostly from Russian buyers, farmers and fertilizer blenders, who after trialing DAR are interested in further orders. The Directors believe that establishing commercial relations with bulk fertilizer trading organizations is of particular importance for the Company at this stage.
The Company has signed several agreements for subsidised commercial sales of DAR with local Kazakhstan agricultural producers. The shipment volumes contracted are in excess of 3,000 tonnes of DAR which is to be delivered during the period of July- August 2011.
Initial market reaction has convinced the Directors that DAR sales will grow during the short to medium term and they expect these to provide considerable cash flow to the Company as it progresses through the next stage of the Chilisai Phosphate Project's development. The growing interest in Chilisai phosphate product underlines the potential of phosphate flour providing a good, relatively low cost source of phosphate for farmers in the region.
Industrial Scale Testing
Since Sunkar initiated DAR production, significant interest has been shown by potential industrial buyers to secure bulk phosphate rock shipments.
The Company announced on 7 April 2011 that it had signed a protocol with the Russian company Meleuzovskie Mineralnye Udobreniya ("MMU") to conduct industrial scale tests in the first half of 2011 at its compound fertiliser plant in Meleuz, Russia. MMU recently notified the Company that capital repairs are required to their phosphoric acid unit to replace failing mechanical equipment and suggest that industrial scale tests are conducted after the completion of renovation. Therefore it is intended to revisit the industrial scale tests agenda in the third quarter of 2011.
The Directors believe that cooperation with MMU may result in an agreement for a long term off-take of a substantial part of the current output at the Chilisai mine.
Feasibility Study
Completion of the Feasibility Study will be pivotal in the development of the Chilisai Phosphate Project so it is of paramount importance to ensure that all aspects of the report are comprehensively prepared, reviewed and coordinated. The majority of the study, in particular the technical aspects, is virtually complete. Currently, verification testing for final technology approvals is being completed.
Agreeing the scope of another essential aspect of the Feasibility Study - the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment ("ESIA") has taken a substantial amount of time due to the various sets of requirements and regulations of the Kazakhstan legal system, the engineering firm's internal standards, Equator Principles, World Bank guidelines and recommendations by the project finance advisor. There are certain obligatory stages of an ESIA, such as public hearings in the area of the future chemical plant, which can only be conducted after the basic design of the chemical plant has been finalised. The completion of the ESIA is anticipated in the third quarter of 2011. Accordingly, the Directors currently anticipate that completion of the Feasibility Study will be towards the end of 3Q 2011.
Serik Utegen, Chief Executive Officer commented - "We are generally very satisfied with the progress made to date. The seriousness of potential partners' approach to due diligence is encouraging and we look forward to seeing a very active second half of this year. The feasibility study for the project must account for all possible aspects of its future construction and operation and requires the sign-off of by a number of parties. We are glad to see the majority of the work has been completed and the study is now in the final stages of completion."
"Following the implementation of the Kazakhstan fertilizer subsidy programme, we have started to receive orders for DAR from Kazakhstan farmers and whilst overall quantities remain modest, the growing interest is encouraging."