There may be a lot of life in the universe. Part 4
On the other hand, there are some common behaviors among animals that seem to favor intelligence. Social interaction, for example. If youre a critter that hangs out with others, then theres clearly an advantage in being smart enough to gauge the intentions of the guy sitting next to you (before he nabs your mate or your meal). And if youre clever enough to outwit the other members of your social circle, youll probably have enhanced opportunity to breed (to put it graciously), thus passing on your superior smarts.
Predator-prey relations are another type of interaction that can ratchet up intelligence. When a lioness catches a wildebeest, shes more likely to snag the dumb one that wasnt paying attention. Result? The lioness has a meal, but the average IQ of the wildebeests has been raised. This puts the lions under increased pressure in running down their next meal, and the dumber cats will preferentially drop out of the gene pool. Both predator and prey will be under selective pressure for intelligence.
All of this sounds as if Nature whether on our planet or some alien world will stumble into increased IQ sooner or later. But keep in mind that many of the dinosaurs were in predator-prey relations (and may have been somewhat social, too). Why didnt they get smart? After all, they had 140 million years to do so.
When it comes to the evolution of intelligence, the bottom line is that we dont know the bottom line. And indeed, we may never know how likely it is that intelligence will appear unless and until we find it elsewhere. So well keep deploying those SETI telescopes.