David L. Phillips to Gulan:Barzani’s Position is Understandable …. The 2005 Constitution is not a Menu from which Maliki can Pick and Choose
10/09/2012 : 09:22:17
David L. Phillips is a visiting scholar at Columbia University\'s Center for the Study of Human Rights. He has worked as a senior adviser to the US Department of State and the United Nations Secretariat. He has held academic positions as a visiting scholar at Harvard University\'s Center for Middle East Studies and as a professor at the Diplomatic Academy of Vienna. He has also served as executive director of the Elie Wiesel Foundation for Humanity, deputy director of the Council on Foreign Relations\' Center for Preventive Action, director of the European Centre for Common Ground, project director at the International Peace Research Institute of Oslo, and president of the Congressional Human Rights Foundation. We contacted the Professor Phillips to discuss the current situations in Iraq and the area. And the Professor Phillips replied to our questions in an exclusive interview to Gulan Magazine as the following:
Q: Recently a US senior delegation has paid a visit to Kurdistan region, which is a sign that US wants to care about Kurdistan region and the relations between both are at a higher level. How do you see the current US policy regarding Kurdistan region?
A: The Obama administration sees Iraqi Kurdistan becoming an economic powerhouse and energy hub. The Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) estimates 45 billion barrels of oil reserves in Iraqi Kurdistan. There is also great potential to develop natural gas fields, which are essential to the economic viability of the NABUCCO pipeline, which runs through Turkey. Under Secretary of Commerce for International Trade Frank Lavin recently visited the Kurdistan region to launch “Iraqi Business Gateways,” an initiative for promoting private investment in Iraq. Deputy Under-Secretary of Defense for Business Transformation Paul Brinkley came with more than 50 U.S. officials and business leaders. In addition to agriculture, tourism, and construction opportunities, Kurdistan can also become a portal for expanding U.S. business in other parts of Iraq.
Q: The relations between Kurdistan region and Baghdad are not in good situation. Prime Minister Maliki is not ready to approve the rights of the Kurds which have been drafted within the constitution so that Kurdistan region can follow them as a federal region. He is not ready to respect the constitution. How is it possible to make Maliki to comply with the constitution?
A: Prime Minister Maliki has consistently shown a blatant disregard for the rule of law and constitutional power-sharing arrangements in Iraq. He calls for majoritarian rule, a code word for consolidating power at the expense of other Iraqis. Maliki uses the ministries of defense, interior and national security to crackdown on dissent. He has arrested political rivals, targeting Sunnis such as Saleh al-Mutlak and Tareq al-Hashemi. In addition, Maliki has heightened tensions over internal boundaries and called for the repeal of Article 140, which pledges a referendum on Kirkuk’s status. Iraq’s problem has always been the centralization of power. Maliki is continuing this trend, alarming U.S. officials with his dictatorial ways.
Q: Another difference between Kurdistan region and Baghdad is that Barzani supports the Syrian people and Maliki is willing to see Assad remain in power. Why Maliki is supporting Assad to remain in power?
A: Maliki acts in Tehran’s interest and serves as its proxy in the region. Tehran backed Maliki’s bid for a second term, and provides essential support keeping him in power. Baghdad has been allowing Iran to use its airspace to resupply Syria’s armed forces. Iraqis suffered under the tyranny of Saddam Hussein and have a natural sympathy for Syrians who struggle under authoritarian rule in Syria, and fear attacks using chemical weapons. Maliki’s support for Assad has also exacerbated tensions between Shia and Sunnis in Iraq.
Q: You know the position of Barzani who insists on implementing the Iraqi constitution and has said that \"If the constitution cannot be implemented, then we can\'t live in Iraq which violates the constitution and is not democratic\". To what extend US understands the position of Barzani?
A: Barzani’s position is understandable. The 2005 constitution was not an interim measure. It is not a menu from which Maliki can pick and choose. The constitution was the product of difficult negotiations and ratified by an overwhelming majority of Iraqis. It represents a compromise designed to preserve Iraq as a democratic, federal republic. Maliki’s abuse of the constitution raises questions about his continued commitment to preserving Iraq within in its current frontiers. If Iraq falls apart, no one can blame the Kurds.
Q: Everyone is expecting big change in the area following the downfall of Assad\'s regime. After the fall of Assad\'s regime, what changes will occur and to what extent will the Kurds benefit from them?
A: Assad’s downfall may not be imminent. The crisis could drag on. Syria might look a lot like Bosnia in the early 1990s. The central government may continue to lose control of territories to local militias. Local militias would take control of Syria’s cities and towns. In this event, Syria’s Kurdish region may be an island of stability. The West should reach out Syria’s Kurds, bridging gaps between different factions and parties. U.S. experts can assist Syria’s Kurds to embrace democratic principles and decentralization. The United States has an interest working with the KRG to foster a Kurdish platform in Syria, which is secular and rejects the use of violence to achieve political aims.
Q: Turkey is playing an essential role in the area and in the Arab spring. The relations between Turkey and Kurdistan region is in very good position right now. To what extend Turkey is important for Kurdistan region in the current time?
A: Relations between Turkey and the KRG have come a long way. Opening a consulate in Erbil was a big step. Better relations have been consolidated by trade and investment, as well as security cooperation. Iraqi Kurdistan is a big export market for Turkish consumer goods. Turkish construction companies have benefitted from the booming business in the Kurdistan region. The new airport in Erbil was built by the Turkish firm Makyol. Last year, Turkey did more than $7 billion worth of business in Iraq; more than half took place in the Kurdish provinces of Erbil, Sulaimani and Dohuk. It was just three years ago that Ankara vilified Masoud Barzani and, accusing the KRG of harboring the PKK, threatened a large scale invasion. Now Ankara and the KRG are involved in a broad range of security cooperation, including intelligence sharing.
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